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Global Mining Industry In Decline, Both in Value and Safety

By U.S. News & World Report

Despite his campaign promises, it would be tough for U.S. President Donald Trump to bring coal mining jobs back to the country or boost the industry in any substantial way. The mining industry continues to shrink around the globe, and it isn’t getting any safer, either.

While hours worked in the industry have steadily declined — dropping 28 percent between 2012 and 2016 — the number of fatalities and their frequency have increased in the past two years, according to the International Council on Mining and Metals, a partnership between industry companies and regional associations dedicated to strengthening the environmental and social performance of the mining industry.

According to the International Labor Organization, a United Nations agency, the mining industry employs about 1 percent of the world’s workforce, but accounts for 8 percent of fatal workplace accidents.

A province in northern Iran is the region most recently rocked with tragedy. More than 30 died and dozens more were trapped after an explosion in a coal mine caused a tunnel to collapse on May 3, according to Al Jazeera.

IndustriALL, a global union for workers in the mining, energy and manufacturing sectors warns that “the global commodities crisis means mining profits are under threat, and safety is often the first casualty when costs are cut.”

Global consultancy PricewaterhouseCoopers’ annual analysis of the mining industry reports that its stock value, or aggregate market capitalization, is less than a third of what it was in 2010, dropping from $1.6 trillion to $494 billion. The report called 2015 a “race to the bottom” for an industry that is suffering through slowing demand, weakening investment and volatile prices.

In 1995, the International Labor Organization adopted the Safety and Health in Mines Convention. The document presents guidelines for employers to “eliminate or minimize the risks to safety and health in mines,” including proper ventilation, regular inspection of mines and equipment and multiple exits from the mine, as well as employees’ rights to report hazards and access training programs.

Only 31 countries have ratified the agreement. Iran is not among them, nor is Chile, where a world record was set in 2010 for the longest amount of time workers survived underground after a mining accident.

Despite its more than two-decade history, encouraging countries and industry leaders to ratify the ILO convention is still a top priority for IndustriALL. A list of fatal mining incidents compiled by the group presents a number of under-reported incidents. In the first three months of 2016, 36 miners were killed in a gas explosion in Russia, a gas leak in a coal mine in China killed 9 and explosions in Pakistan killed at least 18, among others.

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Global Mining Industry In Decline, Both in Value and Safety originally appeared on usnews.com

Don’t Settle for Student Loans to Pay for Online Education

By WTOP Staff
Online college programs are becoming a more popular choice for prospective students, with one study finding that more than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course in fall 2015. The popularity of these courses can be attributed in part to their flexibility with working adults' schedules, students' ability to progress more quickly through online programs and, oftentimes, cheaper tuition. [See 10 low-cost online bachelor's programs for out-of-state students.]Online degrees can be beneficial to many college students, but some studies have shown online learners complete their programs at lower rates than students at traditional brick-and-mortar campuses. Individuals with student loans but no degree comprise two-thirds of defaulted borrowers. Though these numbers are not encouraging, just like for traditional programs, there are ways to reduce how much you'll need to borrow for an online program to ensure you won't become one of these statistics. Don't just settle on borrowing student loans to cover the whole cost of your program and living expenses. Instead, start thinking about how to cut costs and cover your balance in different ways, such as the following. -- Grants and scholarships: Even though you are taking an online course, you can still apply and receive grants and scholarships. But your first step should be to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly referred to as the FAFSA, which will allow you to receive a Pell Grant if your expected family contribution is low enough. The EFC criteria and award amounts are adjusted annually, but the 2017-2018 academic year awards range from $606 to $5,920, which could significantly lower the amount you borrow annually. Your next step is to apply for scholarships. You can start by checking online scholarship search engines, such as the Salt Scholarship Search, College Board's BigFuture and Peterson's. But don't forget to take advantage of local organizations and your school's financial aid office. Both may offer scholarships that you can't find with a national scholarship search. [Review these 10 sites to kick off your scholarship search.]For instance, organizations like the Elks Club, Knights of Columbus or the Rotary Club typically offer scholarships annually to local students. Just because you're going to school online doesn't mean you're ineligible. Visit your local library for scholarship listings, and ask around town. You might be surprised how many local organizations offer scholarships. While these scholarships typically aren't large, every little bit counts. Each dollar you receive in a scholarship is a dollar you don't have to borrow and pay interest on. -- Work-study: Another option for online students may be work-study awards. Not all students enrolled in online programs are eligible, but students at some schools -- including, for example, SUNY Empire State College and Liberty University -- are. Work-study awards are not given upfront like scholarships and grants. In most cases, they are an offer to earn up to the awarded amount if you secure an eligible work-study job. While there is a misconception that all work-study jobs must be on campus, students can work for off-campus, nonprofit or public employers as long as the work is in the public's interest. You may be able to work for a for-profit employer if the job is relevant to your course of study. No matter who the outside employer is, it will need to have an established agreement with your college for you to receive work-study funds. Remember, to be eligible for federal financial aid, you must be enrolled and pursuing a degree or certificate. If you're not working toward a credential, Pell Grants and work-study won't be option, but you may still be able to take advantage of private scholarships -- just be sure to read the eligibility criteria carefully. [Explore what to know about financial aid in online programs.]-- Pay as you go: One of the great benefits to enrolling online is the flexible schedule, which can allow you to complete your college coursework around your responsibilities. But prospective students often overlook using their part- or full-time job earnings as an option for paying for college. Almost 80 percent of college students in 2015 worked at least part time while attending classes, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. By budgeting and thinking strategically about your college costs, you can likely reduce your dependence on student loans by paying a portion out of pocket. Many -- but not all -- online programs are less expensive than traditional programs and often have shorter payment periods. Six, eight or 10 weeks are common course durations. Because of the frequency of payments in an online setting, you may be well-placed to pay as you go and possibly avoid borrowing altogether. Attending college online and avoiding student loans may be challenging, but if you are willing to put in the effort, you can limit the amount you need to borrow. More from U.S. News Q&A: Understanding Student Loan Discharge Eligibility Student Loan Refinancing Isn't Right for All Borrowers
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