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Why Investors Shouldn’t Be Greedy

You’ve seen the mutual fund ads offering big returns to beat the competitors, the category average or the market as a whole.

There’s a lot of puffery in the investing industry, often supported by cherry-picked data for a period when a fund did especially well — but is not necessarily representative of the long term.

More important, though, is the message that you should swing for the fences to get the biggest return possible. That can lead an investor to take on too much risk. It can produce lots of disappointment when results fall short down the road.

What’s the alternative? How about investing for enough return instead of the most.

[See: 10 Tips for Couples and Young Families to Build Wealth.]

“Investors can’t control the returns they receive or what the market provides,” says advisor Ben Birken of Woodward Financial Advisors in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. “But they can control how much they save and how much they spend. Rather than relying on the market to hopefully deliver something, investors would be better off focusing on the things they can control.”

The idea of aiming for just enough is the theme of the book “Enough: True Measures of Money, Business, and Life” by John C. Bogle, legendary founder of the Vanguard Group, the mutual fund giant. But it’s a core philosophy shared by many financial advisors.

Key benefits are setting financial goals with a realistic chance of being attained. Investing for enough means aiming for a smaller nest egg, a more reasonable rate of return and a lifestyle before and in retirement that is focused on things that really matter like family and friends, rather than big spending.

“Studies on happiness show that humans quickly adapt to their environment and you are better off spending money on experience than things,” says Damon Gonzalez, a planner with Domestique Capital in Plano, Texas.

In fact, planning carefully sometimes produces prospects of a better retirement than the client had thought possible, says Paul A. Ruedi, CEO Ruedi Wealth Management in Champaign, Illinois.

“More often than not, I find that most people walking through my doors can achieve a much better retirement lifestyle than they ever thought possible,” he says. “But then again, they were all frugal, budgeted and saved and invested.”

He adds that, “The only folks that end up with a decent or great return are the ones that had some form of budget, which leads to the savings fuel for investing,”

The cornerstone to the enough-not-most strategy is the fact that a nest egg can be built with a bigger savings rate instead of a world-beating investment return. A 30 year-old, for example, could accumulate $1 million by investing $158.13 per month for 40 years at a 10 percent average annual return, which is very hard to achieve. Or she could do it with $381 a month at a more realistic 7 percent.

[See: 8 Easy Ways to Make Money.]

More important, if she aimed for $750,000 instead of $1 million, she could get there with $286 a month at 7 percent.

Though $1 million would be better than $750,000, the smaller target and bigger savings rate would probably produce fewer sleepless nights along the way. Granted, it would take some belt-tightening to save more each month, but many financial advisors find that clients can trim fat without much suffering.

“The rate of return is only one variable in a plan, and oftentimes it’s the variable that individuals have the least control over,” says financial planner Derek Tharp of Conscious Capital, in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. “Focusing on saving and spending rates often has a far greater impact on the success of a plan.”

Planning to live on less takes a clear vision of what matters, he says. “I like to ask people if they have thought about what they are retiring to rather than just what they are retiring from. Life satisfaction in retirement is often driven more by having a continued sense of purpose in life rather than going on a spending spree.”

Since raising the savings rate requires spending cuts, experts suggest combing through all expenses. Tools like Mint.com and Quicken software can categorize every expenditure and analyze patterns, but it can be just as effective to record everything for a month with a pad and pencil.

That includes small expenses like lunches out at work, fancy morning coffees and pay-per-view movies, plus ongoing costs that should be reviewed every year, like insurance plans and cell phone contracts. There could be hundreds of dollars of savings a month from trimming spending that doesn’t produce much lasting value.

Then there are big-ticket items like your home and cars. Tharp says, “Most people could live in a smaller house or drive a less fancy car with almost no impact on their life satisfaction,” he says. “In fact, rejecting materialistic goals and the desire to keep up with the Joneses can often enhance life satisfaction on it’s own, with the added benefits of also increasing current saving and decreasing future expenses.”

“It’s really not wise to buy a house in a neighborhood where everyone else makes a lot more money than you,” adds financial planner Lauren Zangardi Haynes, with Evolution Advisers in Midlothian, Virginia. “It may sound cynical, but you will feel richer if you live in a neighborhood where people earn about the same amount as you or even slightly less.”

Not only will a more modest home require less down and a smaller monthly payment, but property taxes, insurance costs and maintenance are likely to be cheaper as well. There will be more money to set aside during the saving and investing years, and lower living expenses in retirement — a financial double whammy.

Many experts say there’s a sweet spot in car ownership, too. A vehicle that is four or five years old may sell for half it’s original price but have two-thirds to four-fifths of its life ahead of it. Buying used means the original owner, not you, takes the big hit from depreciation. And keeping a car for 10 years or more, instead of turning one in every three or four, can produce even more savings, even though you might spend a bit more on maintenance and savings.

“Americans’ obsession with cars is destroying their ability to retire earlier,” Gonzalez says. “The median income is about $54,000 and it amazes me how many $40,000 to $50,000 SUVs I see on the freeway. Many of these drivers have very little margin in their budget after they make their $700 car payment.”

[See: 10 Out-of-the-Box Ways to Save Money.]

As important as budgeting is to investment results, many people find it very difficult to create a plan and stick to it. As a result, their savings come from whatever is left at the end of the month — nothing, much of the time. Tharp says it’s better for the budgeting-averse to save at the start of the month, thus limiting spending to whatever is left.

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Why Investors Shouldn’t Be Greedy originally appeared on usnews.com

Don’t Settle for Student Loans to Pay for Online Education

Online college programs are becoming a more popular choice for prospective students, with one study finding that more than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course in fall 2015. The popularity of these courses can be attributed in part to their flexibility with working adults' schedules, students' ability to progress more quickly through online programs and, oftentimes, cheaper tuition. [See 10 low-cost online bachelor's programs for out-of-state students.]Online degrees can be beneficial to many college students, but some studies have shown online learners complete their programs at lower rates than students at traditional brick-and-mortar campuses. Individuals with student loans but no degree comprise two-thirds of defaulted borrowers. Though these numbers are not encouraging, just like for traditional programs, there are ways to reduce how much you'll need to borrow for an online program to ensure you won't become one of these statistics. Don't just settle on borrowing student loans to cover the whole cost of your program and living expenses. Instead, start thinking about how to cut costs and cover your balance in different ways, such as the following. -- Grants and scholarships: Even though you are taking an online course, you can still apply and receive grants and scholarships. But your first step should be to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly referred to as the FAFSA, which will allow you to receive a Pell Grant if your expected family contribution is low enough. The EFC criteria and award amounts are adjusted annually, but the 2017-2018 academic year awards range from $606 to $5,920, which could significantly lower the amount you borrow annually. Your next step is to apply for scholarships. You can start by checking online scholarship search engines, such as the Salt Scholarship Search, College Board's BigFuture and Peterson's. But don't forget to take advantage of local organizations and your school's financial aid office. Both may offer scholarships that you can't find with a national scholarship search. [Review these 10 sites to kick off your scholarship search.]For instance, organizations like the Elks Club, Knights of Columbus or the Rotary Club typically offer scholarships annually to local students. Just because you're going to school online doesn't mean you're ineligible. Visit your local library for scholarship listings, and ask around town. You might be surprised how many local organizations offer scholarships. While these scholarships typically aren't large, every little bit counts. Each dollar you receive in a scholarship is a dollar you don't have to borrow and pay interest on. -- Work-study: Another option for online students may be work-study awards. Not all students enrolled in online programs are eligible, but students at some schools -- including, for example, SUNY Empire State College and Liberty University -- are. Work-study awards are not given upfront like scholarships and grants. In most cases, they are an offer to earn up to the awarded amount if you secure an eligible work-study job. While there is a misconception that all work-study jobs must be on campus, students can work for off-campus, nonprofit or public employers as long as the work is in the public's interest. You may be able to work for a for-profit employer if the job is relevant to your course of study. No matter who the outside employer is, it will need to have an established agreement with your college for you to receive work-study funds. Remember, to be eligible for federal financial aid, you must be enrolled and pursuing a degree or certificate. If you're not working toward a credential, Pell Grants and work-study won't be option, but you may still be able to take advantage of private scholarships -- just be sure to read the eligibility criteria carefully. [Explore what to know about financial aid in online programs.]-- Pay as you go: One of the great benefits to enrolling online is the flexible schedule, which can allow you to complete your college coursework around your responsibilities. But prospective students often overlook using their part- or full-time job earnings as an option for paying for college. Almost 80 percent of college students in 2015 worked at least part time while attending classes, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. By budgeting and thinking strategically about your college costs, you can likely reduce your dependence on student loans by paying a portion out of pocket. Many -- but not all -- online programs are less expensive than traditional programs and often have shorter payment periods. Six, eight or 10 weeks are common course durations. Because of the frequency of payments in an online setting, you may be well-placed to pay as you go and possibly avoid borrowing altogether. Attending college online and avoiding student loans may be challenging, but if you are willing to put in the effort, you can limit the amount you need to borrow. More from U.S. News Q&A: Understanding Student Loan Discharge Eligibility Student Loan Refinancing Isn't Right for All Borrowers
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