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The Current Case for an ARM

If you are planning to buy a home, how should you finance it? The question is simple, but the answer may not be what first comes to mind.

“People like to go right to the 30-year, but that’s the wrong thing to do,” says Richard Rosso, a partner at Clarity Financial in Houston, referring to the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, which was the traditional way people could borrow to buy a home up until the early 1980s.

It’s hard for some to believe, but the adjustable-rate mortgage as a widely available way to borrow is only a few decades old. Maybe for that reason, the idea that the fixed-rate mortgage as the go-to product seems to have stuck in the American psyche like chewing gum on the sole of a shoe.

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There are other choices that may be better for your finances.

How long will you live there? “Match the mortgage to what your anticipated stay in the home is going to be,” Rosso says.

For most people, the average time they own a home is about seven years, he says. That means that a mortgage with a borrowing cost that is fixed for seven years, and adjustable annually thereafter, makes more sense than one that is the same for 30 years.

Here’s why: The interest rates on loans that are adjustable tend to be lower than those on mortgages that keep the same borrowing cost for the life of the loan.

For instance, the rate for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 3.52 percent the week of July 7, according to Bankrate.com. That compares to 2.95 percent for an adjustable-rate mortgage that is fixed for the first five years during the same week.

In this case, if you were going to stay in the property for five years you’d get the benefit of more than half a percentage point of lower borrowing costs each year for five consecutive years. Simply calculated, that could mean savings of thousands of dollars over the period depending on how much money you borrowed.

Rate anxiety. “I’m not an advocate of the one-year adjustable rate-mortgage,” Rosso says, which is a loan that resets its borrowing cost every 12 months. “If you can pay more of the loan principal off faster, then it can make financial sense.”

But, he says, there is a certain emotional anxiety when people wonder whether the rate will jump after a year.

The goal of limiting interest-rate anxiety is what has some advisors still recommending the 30-year mortgage in certain circumstances.

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“Living somewhere for the long-haul would benefit from a fixed rate,” says Rose Swanger, a financial planner at Advise Finance, in Knoxville, Tennessee.

If you are staying put for the duration, then the higher cost of the fixed-rate loan may help ease worries about changes to your monthly budget due to changes in borrowing costs.

How lumpy is your income? Not everyone receives their annual income spread evenly throughout the year. For some, it comes in big chunks usually preceded by a trickle, at least on a relative basis.

“Our Wall Street clients prefer ARMs since they receive the majority of their annual compensation as bonuses,” says James Parks, president of Parks Wealth Management in Ridgewood, New Jersey.

Although things have changed a bit in the way investment bankers are paid, it is still the common practice for financial institutions to pay the big rewards once per year. It can sometimes mean people receive a bonus which is multiple times the size of their base salary.

Therefore, it can make sense for such bankers to find a way to keep their monthly payments low throughout the year by borrowing with an ARM, but then use the bonus check to pay down the principal, Parks says.

The outlook for interest rates: lower for longer. “When rates decline the ARM rate may decline without the added costs and hassles of refinancing a fixed-rate mortgage,” Parks says.

Indeed, there are reasons to believe that given the current economic outlook in the U.S., and the rest of the world, rates will at least stay low or perhaps even drop.

“We are now in a period where what is controlling interest rates is not demand for capital but supply of capital,” says Brad McMillan, chief investment officer for Commonwealth Financial Network.

In more simple terms, there is a lot of money in the global banking system competing for borrowers. That supply of money for potential loans will keep rates low until the excess supply of cash is absorbed.

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Also, the stress in Europe caused by Britain’s decision to leave the European Union (the Brexit) is pushing down borrowing costs worldwide. That will give the Federal Reserve some pause about raising the costs of borrowing dollars too aggressively while other central banks are lowering interest rates.

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The Current Case for an ARM originally appeared on usnews.com

Don’t Settle for Student Loans to Pay for Online Education

Online college programs are becoming a more popular choice for prospective students, with one study finding that more than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course in fall 2015. The popularity of these courses can be attributed in part to their flexibility with working adults' schedules, students' ability to progress more quickly through online programs and, oftentimes, cheaper tuition. [See 10 low-cost online bachelor's programs for out-of-state students.]Online degrees can be beneficial to many college students, but some studies have shown online learners complete their programs at lower rates than students at traditional brick-and-mortar campuses. Individuals with student loans but no degree comprise two-thirds of defaulted borrowers. Though these numbers are not encouraging, just like for traditional programs, there are ways to reduce how much you'll need to borrow for an online program to ensure you won't become one of these statistics. Don't just settle on borrowing student loans to cover the whole cost of your program and living expenses. Instead, start thinking about how to cut costs and cover your balance in different ways, such as the following. -- Grants and scholarships: Even though you are taking an online course, you can still apply and receive grants and scholarships. But your first step should be to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly referred to as the FAFSA, which will allow you to receive a Pell Grant if your expected family contribution is low enough. The EFC criteria and award amounts are adjusted annually, but the 2017-2018 academic year awards range from $606 to $5,920, which could significantly lower the amount you borrow annually. Your next step is to apply for scholarships. You can start by checking online scholarship search engines, such as the Salt Scholarship Search, College Board's BigFuture and Peterson's. But don't forget to take advantage of local organizations and your school's financial aid office. Both may offer scholarships that you can't find with a national scholarship search. [Review these 10 sites to kick off your scholarship search.]For instance, organizations like the Elks Club, Knights of Columbus or the Rotary Club typically offer scholarships annually to local students. Just because you're going to school online doesn't mean you're ineligible. Visit your local library for scholarship listings, and ask around town. You might be surprised how many local organizations offer scholarships. While these scholarships typically aren't large, every little bit counts. Each dollar you receive in a scholarship is a dollar you don't have to borrow and pay interest on. -- Work-study: Another option for online students may be work-study awards. Not all students enrolled in online programs are eligible, but students at some schools -- including, for example, SUNY Empire State College and Liberty University -- are. Work-study awards are not given upfront like scholarships and grants. In most cases, they are an offer to earn up to the awarded amount if you secure an eligible work-study job. While there is a misconception that all work-study jobs must be on campus, students can work for off-campus, nonprofit or public employers as long as the work is in the public's interest. You may be able to work for a for-profit employer if the job is relevant to your course of study. No matter who the outside employer is, it will need to have an established agreement with your college for you to receive work-study funds. Remember, to be eligible for federal financial aid, you must be enrolled and pursuing a degree or certificate. If you're not working toward a credential, Pell Grants and work-study won't be option, but you may still be able to take advantage of private scholarships -- just be sure to read the eligibility criteria carefully. [Explore what to know about financial aid in online programs.]-- Pay as you go: One of the great benefits to enrolling online is the flexible schedule, which can allow you to complete your college coursework around your responsibilities. But prospective students often overlook using their part- or full-time job earnings as an option for paying for college. Almost 80 percent of college students in 2015 worked at least part time while attending classes, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. By budgeting and thinking strategically about your college costs, you can likely reduce your dependence on student loans by paying a portion out of pocket. Many -- but not all -- online programs are less expensive than traditional programs and often have shorter payment periods. Six, eight or 10 weeks are common course durations. Because of the frequency of payments in an online setting, you may be well-placed to pay as you go and possibly avoid borrowing altogether. Attending college online and avoiding student loans may be challenging, but if you are willing to put in the effort, you can limit the amount you need to borrow. More from U.S. News Q&A: Understanding Student Loan Discharge Eligibility Student Loan Refinancing Isn't Right for All Borrowers
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