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My Two Cents: Brown, Glen Echo and Whitman High School

My Two Cents is a weekly opinion column from Bethesda resident Joseph Hawkins. The views and opinions expressed in this column are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of BethesdaNow.com.

Joseph HawkinsMay 17, 2014 is the 60th anniversary of Brown v. the Board of Education.

Brown is the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, a 1896 Supreme Court decsion that established racial segregation as legal. From Plessy emerged what were commonly referred to as Jim Crow laws and customs.

Several weeks ago, when returning home from a quick day-business trip, the taxi driver that dropped me at National Airport at the crack of dawn returned and chauffeured me back to Bethesda. It was the heart of rush hour when we pulled out of the airport, and I told the driver to head up the Cabin John Parkway, avoiding the George Washington Parkway. 

When we exited the Parkway, pulled onto MacArthur Boulevard and drove past Glen Echo Park, the driver looked to his left, saw the huge Glen Echo sign, caught my eye in the rearview mirror, and asked, “Isn’t this the park that was white people only in the past?”

I paused momentarily before answering because, honestly, I was surprised the driver knew this piece of Bethesda history.

As we drove up Cabin John, the driver, a young Latino guy probably in his early 30′s, told me that he had been raised in Louisiana. So, I was thinking, what does this guy know about Glen Echo?

Students from Howard University and neighbors of Glen Echo Park protest the park's segregation policy in the summer of 1960, via National Park ServiceI answered back, “Yes. This is the former Glen Echo Amusement Park, and when I was a young ‘colored’ kid, I was not allowed to walk through its gates. No black people were allowed.”  I also told the driver, who was noticeably brownish in complexion, that he also would have been stopped at the gates.

Glen Echo opened it doors to all people, regardless of skin color, in 1961, ending its whites only policy. I use the word ‘colored’ to describe myself because that is the word used to describe blacks during this time period. In 1961, I was 10- years-old.

I remember the Park’s whites only policy because my Catholic elementary school gave its white kids free Park passes, but gave its colored kids passes to the Tivoli Theatre (now the home of the Gala Hispanic Theatre in D.C.).

When we drove a little farther up MacArthur, I pointed out the Bannockburn community to the driver and told him that homeowners in this community partnered with black university students to protest Glen Echo’s whites only policy. And then the driver surprised me again, when he asked, “So, things changed, right?”

I said, “Yes, a lot changed for black people since 1960. Things are different, things are better.”

I’ve thought about this taxi ride conversation more than a few times, especially the question, “So, things changed, right?”

For me, Brown stands as one of those Supreme Court decisions that changed America forever, and it was not just our public schools that changed. Brown also changed how most of us felt about places like Glen Echo being open to whites only. Sure, Glen Echo remained whites only six years after the Brown decision, but eventually, change — and changed people — overturned our Jim Crow system of separating people by skin color.

As we approach the Brown anniversary in May, I guarantee you will hear Brown critics claim that not much has changed or that what changed wasn’t all that positive for a lot of colored people.

Some of what these critics say is worthy of debate. Some not. Personally, I’m firmly planted in the camp that believes significant societal good and change resulted from Brown. For me, the cup is way more than half full — more like three-quarters full.

Regardless, as a county, I’m not convinced that we reflect or debate enough about where we have been, where we are and where we are headed. Certainly, the Brown anniversary offers that moment of reflection. And frankly, Montgomery County has significant issues to reflect and debate.

Several weeks ago, our County government issued a report that concluded our public high schools were racially and economically isolated. Commenting on the report, a Washington Post editorial noted that our public high schools had become “a two-tier system of have and have-not schools.”

Have and have-not schools!

Should we be discussing this?

I’m looking forward to another taxi ride in which the driver this time rolls past Walt Whitman High School and says to me, “Isn’t that that affluent, mostly white Bethesda school that was in the news recently?”

Joseph Hawkins is a longtime Bethesda resident who remembers when there was no Capital Crescent Trail. He works full-time for an employee-owned social science research firm located Montgomery County. He is a D.C. native and for nearly 10 years, he wrote a regular column for the Montgomery Journal. He also has essays and editorials published in Education Week, the Washington Post, and Teaching Tolerance Magazine. He is a serious live music fan and is committed to checking out some live act at least once a month.

Photo via National Park Service

Don’t Settle for Student Loans to Pay for Online Education

Online college programs are becoming a more popular choice for prospective students, with one study finding that more than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course in fall 2015. The popularity of these courses can be attributed in part to their flexibility with working adults' schedules, students' ability to progress more quickly through online programs and, oftentimes, cheaper tuition. [See 10 low-cost online bachelor's programs for out-of-state students.]Online degrees can be beneficial to many college students, but some studies have shown online learners complete their programs at lower rates than students at traditional brick-and-mortar campuses. Individuals with student loans but no degree comprise two-thirds of defaulted borrowers. Though these numbers are not encouraging, just like for traditional programs, there are ways to reduce how much you'll need to borrow for an online program to ensure you won't become one of these statistics. Don't just settle on borrowing student loans to cover the whole cost of your program and living expenses. Instead, start thinking about how to cut costs and cover your balance in different ways, such as the following. -- Grants and scholarships: Even though you are taking an online course, you can still apply and receive grants and scholarships. But your first step should be to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly referred to as the FAFSA, which will allow you to receive a Pell Grant if your expected family contribution is low enough. The EFC criteria and award amounts are adjusted annually, but the 2017-2018 academic year awards range from $606 to $5,920, which could significantly lower the amount you borrow annually. Your next step is to apply for scholarships. You can start by checking online scholarship search engines, such as the Salt Scholarship Search, College Board's BigFuture and Peterson's. But don't forget to take advantage of local organizations and your school's financial aid office. Both may offer scholarships that you can't find with a national scholarship search. [Review these 10 sites to kick off your scholarship search.]For instance, organizations like the Elks Club, Knights of Columbus or the Rotary Club typically offer scholarships annually to local students. Just because you're going to school online doesn't mean you're ineligible. Visit your local library for scholarship listings, and ask around town. You might be surprised how many local organizations offer scholarships. While these scholarships typically aren't large, every little bit counts. Each dollar you receive in a scholarship is a dollar you don't have to borrow and pay interest on. -- Work-study: Another option for online students may be work-study awards. Not all students enrolled in online programs are eligible, but students at some schools -- including, for example, SUNY Empire State College and Liberty University -- are. Work-study awards are not given upfront like scholarships and grants. In most cases, they are an offer to earn up to the awarded amount if you secure an eligible work-study job. While there is a misconception that all work-study jobs must be on campus, students can work for off-campus, nonprofit or public employers as long as the work is in the public's interest. You may be able to work for a for-profit employer if the job is relevant to your course of study. No matter who the outside employer is, it will need to have an established agreement with your college for you to receive work-study funds. Remember, to be eligible for federal financial aid, you must be enrolled and pursuing a degree or certificate. If you're not working toward a credential, Pell Grants and work-study won't be option, but you may still be able to take advantage of private scholarships -- just be sure to read the eligibility criteria carefully. [Explore what to know about financial aid in online programs.]-- Pay as you go: One of the great benefits to enrolling online is the flexible schedule, which can allow you to complete your college coursework around your responsibilities. But prospective students often overlook using their part- or full-time job earnings as an option for paying for college. Almost 80 percent of college students in 2015 worked at least part time while attending classes, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. By budgeting and thinking strategically about your college costs, you can likely reduce your dependence on student loans by paying a portion out of pocket. Many -- but not all -- online programs are less expensive than traditional programs and often have shorter payment periods. Six, eight or 10 weeks are common course durations. Because of the frequency of payments in an online setting, you may be well-placed to pay as you go and possibly avoid borrowing altogether. Attending college online and avoiding student loans may be challenging, but if you are willing to put in the effort, you can limit the amount you need to borrow. More from U.S. News Q&A: Understanding Student Loan Discharge Eligibility Student Loan Refinancing Isn't Right for All Borrowers
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